مَدَتھ:IPA/Korean

فرما:IPA key

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Korean language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. It is based on the standard dialect of South Korea and may not represent some of the sounds in the North Korean dialect or in other dialects. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Korean phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Korean.

Korean consonants
IPA	Hangul	Example		English approximation
IPA	Hangul			English approximation
Hangul	RR
فرما:IPAlink^[1]	ㅂ	이불	ibul	ball
فرما:IPAlink^[2]^[3]	ㅎ	오후	ohu	roughly like away
فرما:IPAlink^[4]	ㅎ	힘, 흉내	him, hyungnae	human
فرما:IPAlink^[5]	ㅅ	시루	siru	roughly like she
ɕ͈^[5]	ㅆ ㅅ	씨, 국수	ssi, guksu	roughly like sure, tensed
فرما:IPAlink^[1]	ㄷ	민들레	mindeulle	doll
فرما:IPAlink^[6]	ㅈ	나중	najung	beds
فرما:IPAlink^[1]	ㅈ [ㄷ이]	아버지, 해돋이	abeoji, haedoji	roughly like jeans
فرما:IPAlink^[3]	ㅎ [호] [후]	활, 훗날	hwal, hunnal	roughly like phew
فرما:IPAlink^[1]	ㄱ	마개	magae	gall
فرما:IPAlink^[2]^[7]	ㄱ	아가	aga	again, but without the tongue touching the roof of the mouth
فرما:IPAlink	ㅎ	햇잎	haennip	hall
فرما:IPAlink^[2]	ㅎ	마흔	maheun	RP behind
فرما:IPAlink	[ㅛ, ㅠ,ㅑ,ㅕ, ㅖ, ㅒ]^[8]	여울	yeoul	you
فرما:IPAlink^[2]^[4]	ㅎ	감히	gamhi	roughly like you
فرما:IPAlink	ㄱ	구이	gui	sky
k̚	ㄱ ㅋ^[9]	바지락	bajirak	lock
k͈	ㄲ	꿩, 젓갈	kkwong, jeotgal	skin, tensed
kʰ	ㅋ [ㄱㅎ] [ㅎㄱ]	코, 석회, 않기	ko, seokhoe, angi	cup
فرما:IPAlink	ㄹ [ㄴ]^[10]	알, 신라	al, Silla	hall
فرما:IPAlink	ㅁ [ㅂ]^[11]	못, 압력	mot, amnyeok	mall
فرما:IPAlink	ㄴ [ㄹ, ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ]^[12]	누리	nuri	not
فرما:IPAlink	ㅇ [ㄱ]^[13]	가랑비, 먹물	garangbi, meongmul	king
فرما:IPAlink	ㅂ	바다	bada	spa
p̚	ㅂ ㅍ ^[14]	부삽, 잎	busap, ip	clip
p͈	ㅃ ㅂ	뿔, 먹보	ppul, meokbo	spit, tensed
pʰ	ㅍ [ㅂㅎ] [ㅎㅂ]	푸서리, 잡학	puseori, japhak	paint
فرما:IPAlink	ㄹ [ㄹㅇ]	여드레, 얼음	yeodeure, eoreum	Scottish great or American atom
فرما:IPAlinkʰ	ㅅ	수박	subak	like see, but aspirated (with more breath)
s͈	ㅆ	쌀, 열쇠	ssal, yeolsoe	saw, tensed
فرما:IPAlink	ㄷ	돌	dol	star
t̚	ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ^[15]	곧, 뭍, 옷, 젖, 낯	got, mut, ot, jeot, nat	let
t͈	ㄸ ㄷ	떡, 막대	tteok, makdae	stall, tensed
tʰ	ㅌ [ㄷㅎ] [ㅎㄷ]	구태여, 맞흥정, 닳다	gutaeyeo, matheungjeong, dalda	tall
فرما:IPAlink^[6]	ㅈ	측정	cheukjeong	cats
ts͈^[6]	ㅉ	짤림	jjallim	cats, tensed
tsʰ^[6]	ㅊ [ㅈㅎ] [ㅎㅈ]	참새	chamsae	let's have
فرما:IPAlink	ㅈ	자투리	jaturi	roughly like patch
tɕ͈	ㅉ	돌쩌귀, 꺽지	doljjeogwi, kkeokji	roughly like patch, tensed
tɕʰ	ㅊ [ㄷ히] [ㅎㅈ]	눈초리, 맞히다, 닳지	nunchori, machida, dalji	roughly like cheek
فرما:IPAlink	[ㅙ, ㅞ]^[16]	왜가리, 꿰맴질	waegari, kkwemaemjil	wall
فرما:IPAlink^[7]	ㅎ	흙	heuk	Scottish loch

Korean vowels and diphthongs^[17]
IPA	Hangul	Example		English approximation
IPA	Hangul			English approximation
Hangul	RR^[18]
فرما:IPAlink	ㅏ	하루	haru	GA lost
aː	ㅏ	밤	bam	spa
فرما:IPAlink	ㅓ	거울	geoul	Conservative up
فرما:IPAlink	ㅓ	어른	eoreun	RP herd
فرما:IPAlink	ㅐ	개구리	gaeguri	bet
ɛː	ㅐ	냇물	naenmul	GA bed
فرما:IPAlink	ㅔ	메주	meju	rate
eː	ㅔ	게장	gejang	raid
فرما:IPAlink	ㅢ^[19]	흰색	huinsaek	peak
فرما:IPAlink	ㅣ	피	pi	peak
iː	ㅣ	실타래	siltarae	bead
فرما:IPAlink	ㅗ	오늘	oneul	sort
oː	ㅗ	모레	more	sword
فرما:IPAlink	ㅚ^[16]	쇠뇌	soenoe	wait
øː	ㅚ^[16]	왼손	oenson	weighed
فرما:IPAlink	ㅜ	우물	umul	root
uː	ㅜ	둘	dul	rude
فرما:IPAlink	ㅡ	버들	beodeul	like goose for some speakers
ɯː	ㅡ	그림	geurim	like cool for some speakers
فرما:IPAlinki	ㅢ^[19]	민주주의	minjujuui	like we but unrounded (with relaxed lips)
فرما:IPAlink	ㅟ^[16]	귀엣말	gwienmal	somewhat like sweet
yː	ㅟ^[16]	쉰	swin	somewhat like swede

Korean suprasegmentals
IPA	Description
ː	Geminated consonant^[20]
ˈ	Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
ˌ	Secondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
.	Syllable break

1 2 3 4 The plain stops and affricate /p t tɕ k/ are voiced to [b d dʑ ɡ] respectively between voiced sounds.
1 2 3 4 ㅎ is voiced between voiced sounds.
1 2 [ɸ] is the allophone of /h/ before /u/ or /w/.
1 2 [ç] is the allophone of /h/ before /i/ or /j/.
1 2 [ɕ ɕ͈] are the allophones of /sʰ s͈/ before /i/ and /j/.
1 2 3 4 [ts ts͈ tsʰ dz] occur in the North Korean dialect.
1 2 [x] is the allophone of /h/ before /ɯ/.
↑ /j/ cannot be spelled by itself, but by doubling the short line on the vowel which it phonetically precedes.
↑ ㄱ and ㅋ are [k̚] and RR k at the end of a syllable.
↑ ㄹ is [ɭ] at the end of a syllable. ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [ɭː].
↑ ㅂ is [m] before /n/ or /m/.
↑ ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word. ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before /n/ or /m/.
↑ ㅇ is [ŋ] at the end of a syllable. ㄱ is [ŋ] before /n/, /m/, or /ɾ/.
↑ ㅂ and ㅍ are [p̚] and RR p at the end of a syllable.
↑ ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ are [t̚] and RR t at the end of a syllable.
1 2 3 /w/ is spelled ㅜ before /ʌ/, /e/, /i/ (the latter combination producing /y/~[ɥi]) and ㅗ before /ɛ/, /a/; ㅚ /ø/ can also be pronounced [we].
↑ In Standard Korean, vowel length is contrastive, but this has mostly been lost in the spoken language.
↑ Vowel length is not reflected in the romanization.
1 2 When ㅢ is preceded by anything but ㅇ, /ɰi/ is interchangeable with, or completely shifted to /i/.
↑ Resulting from various sequences of consonants (and their relative transcriptions) in regressive assimilation.

[between_voiced-1] 1 2 3 4 The plain stops and affricate /p t tɕ k/ are voiced to [b d dʑ ɡ] respectively between voiced sounds.

[h_between_voiced-2] 1 2 3 4 ㅎ is voiced between voiced sounds.

[labialized_h-3] 1 2 [ɸ] is the allophone of /h/ before /u/ or /w/.

[palatalized_h-4] 1 2 [ç] is the allophone of /h/ before /i/ or /j/.

[palatalized_s-5] 1 2 [ɕ ɕ͈] are the allophones of /sʰ s͈/ before /i/ and /j/.

[back_affricates-6] 1 2 3 4 [ts ts͈ tsʰ dz] occur in the North Korean dialect.

[velarized_h-7] 1 2 [x] is the allophone of /h/ before /ɯ/.

[8] /j/ cannot be spelled by itself, but by doubling the short line on the vowel which it phonetically precedes.

[9] ㄱ and ㅋ are [k̚] and RR k at the end of a syllable.

[10] ㄹ is [ɭ] at the end of a syllable. ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [ɭː].

[11] ㅂ is [m] before /n/ or /m/.

[12] ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word. ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before /n/ or /m/.

[13] ㅇ is [ŋ] at the end of a syllable. ㄱ is [ŋ] before /n/, /m/, or /ɾ/.

[14] ㅂ and ㅍ are [p̚] and RR p at the end of a syllable.

[15] ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ are [t̚] and RR t at the end of a syllable.

[w-16] 1 2 3 /w/ is spelled ㅜ before /ʌ/, /e/, /i/ (the latter combination producing /y/~[ɥi]) and ㅗ before /ɛ/, /a/; ㅚ /ø/ can also be pronounced [we].

[17] In Standard Korean, vowel length is contrastive, but this has mostly been lost in the spoken language.

[18] Vowel length is not reflected in the romanization.

[not_word_initial_ui-19] 1 2 When ㅢ is preceded by anything but ㅇ, /ɰi/ is interchangeable with, or completely shifted to /i/.

[20] Resulting from various sequences of consonants (and their relative transcriptions) in regressive assimilation.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

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