ابن سہل (ریٲضی دان): گردانَن مَنٛز فَرَق

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گَردان 18:02, 25 جوٗن 2024 بَجے

ابن سہل (مکمل نام: Abū Sa 'd al-ʻAlâʼ ibn Sahal ʻAbou ād al-Âalāʼ bne Şahl Şahal Ş۔ ۹۴۰-۱۰۰۰ ′ اوس اَکھ فارسی ریٲضی دان تہٕ اِسلٲمی سنہری دورُک طبیعیات دان یم سُنٛد تعلق بغداد کہ بوید دربارس سٕتؠ اوس۔^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] أمؠ سٕنٛد ناوس پیٚٹھ چھُنہٕ کینٛہہ تہِ خاص بس چھُ أمؠ سٕنٛدؠ ملکٕچ جھلک ہاونک اجازت دوان۔^[6]

بییہٚ وُچھو

ابن سینا

حَوالہٕ جات

↑ Enterprise of Science in Islam: New Perspectives - J۔ P۔ Hogendijk, A۔ I۔ Sabra "The first clear evidence we have of a correct understanding of Ptolemy's theory of refraction does not appear in the Arabic sources available to us until the second half of the tenth century, when the Persian mathematician al-Ala ibn Sahl was able to put Ptolemy's ideas to use in formulating entirely original geometrical arguments for the construction of burning instruments by means of refraction"
↑ http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/optics,"There are a number of optical texts by authors with a Persian ethnicity or association۔ The earliest is Abu Saʿd al-ʿAlāʾ Ebn Sahl at the Persian Buyid court (945–1055), better known for his early conception of the “sine law of refraction” and burning mirrors (Rashed, 1990, pp۔ 464-68; 1993; 2005) than his work on optics proper (Sabra, 1989, pp۔ lix-lx; 1994)."
↑ https://ijhpm.org/index.php/IJHPM/article/download/111/62,"Exploiting^{[مۄردٕ جوڈ]} آرکایو کۆرمُت 2019-11-16 بذریعہ ویے بیک مَشیٖن the 10th-century Persian mathematician Ibn Sahl’s development on Ptolemy’s studies of refraction,48 he generalized the relationship between incident and refracted rays in a form that presaged Snell’s law."
↑ https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1867-light-ideas-and-technology-timeline,"Persian scientist Ibn Sahl writes On burning mirrors and lenses, which sets out his understanding of how curved mirrors and lenses bend and focus light۔ He discovers a law of refraction mathematically equivalent to Snell’s law (1615)."
↑ Hogendijk، edited by Jan P.؛ Sabra، Abdelhamid I. (2003). The enterprise of science in Islam : new perspectives. Cambridge, Mass.; London: MIT. ص. 89. ISBN 0-262-19482-1.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
↑ "Nothing in his surname and given names, however, allows us to glimpse either his country of origin or his social and religious allegiance — unless a link may be established with another Ibn Sahl of the same period, who was an astrologer concerned with mathematics; for the time being, however, this connection has no historical value." Roshdi Rashed, Geometry and Dioptrics in Classical Islam, London (2005), p۔ 3.

[1] Enterprise of Science in Islam: New Perspectives - J۔ P۔ Hogendijk, A۔ I۔ Sabra "The first clear evidence we have of a correct understanding of Ptolemy's theory of refraction does not appear in the Arabic sources available to us until the second half of the tenth century, when the Persian mathematician al-Ala ibn Sahl was able to put Ptolemy's ideas to use in formulating entirely original geometrical arguments for the construction of burning instruments by means of refraction"

[2] ttp://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/optics,"There are a number of optical texts by authors with a Persian ethnicity or association۔ The earliest is Abu Saʿd al-ʿAlāʾ Ebn Sahl at the Persian Buyid court (945–1055), better known for his early conception of the “sine law of refraction” and burning mirrors (Rashed, 1990, pp۔ 464-68; 1993; 2005) than his work on optics proper (Sabra, 1989, pp۔ lix-lx; 1994)."

[3] ttps://ijhpm.org/index.php/IJHPM/article/download/111/62,"Exploiting^{[مۄردٕ جوڈ]} آرکایو کۆرمُت 2019-11-16 بذریعہ ویے بیک مَشیٖن the 10th-century Persian mathematician Ibn Sahl’s development on Ptolemy’s studies of refraction,48 he generalized the relationship between incident and refracted rays in a form that presaged Snell’s law."

[4] ttps://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1867-light-ideas-and-technology-timeline,"Persian scientist Ibn Sahl writes On burning mirrors and lenses, which sets out his understanding of how curved mirrors and lenses bend and focus light۔ He discovers a law of refraction mathematically equivalent to Snell’s law (1615)."

[5] Hogendijk، edited by Jan P.؛ Sabra، Abdelhamid I. (2003). The enterprise of science in Islam : new perspectives. Cambridge, Mass.; London: MIT. ص. 89. ISBN 0-262-19482-1.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)

[6] "Nothing in his surname and given names, however, allows us to glimpse either his country of origin or his social and religious allegiance — unless a link may be established with another Ibn Sahl of the same period, who was an astrologer concerned with mathematics; for the time being, however, this connection has no historical value." Roshdi Rashed, Geometry and Dioptrics in Classical Islam, London (2005), p۔ 3.

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@@ سٕطر 1: / سٕطر 1: @@
 [[File:Ibn_Sahl_manuscript.jpg|thumb|396x396px|پٲداوار Millī MS 867 Fol 7r، یہٕ چھ پننہٕ اضطرابُک قانونٕچ دریافت ہاونس ظٲہر کران (راشد، ۱۹۹۰ پیٹھہٕ) ۔ شکلُک زیٖٹھ حصٕہ چُھ پلانو-کنویٚکس لیٚنسٕچ نمائندگی کران (دٕچھنہٕ طرفہٕ تہٕ امکس پرنسپل ایٚکسَس پیٹھ (اکھ افقی لائن) ۔ ]]
 [[File:Ibn_Sahl.svg|right|thumb|275x275px|ابن سہل سٕنٛز تعٲمیرٕچ تشریح۔ ]]
-'''ابن سہل''' (مکمل نام: Abū Sa 'd al-ʻAlâʼ ibn Sahal ʻAbou ād al-Âalāʼ bne Şahl Şahal Ş. ۹۴۰-۱۰۰۰ ′ اوس اَکھ فارسی ریٲضی دان تہٕ اسلٲمی سنہری دورُک طبیعیات دان یم سُنٛد تعلق [[بَغداد|بغداد]] کہ [[بویِد|بوید]] دربارس سٕتۍ اوس۔<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_AUtLNtg3nsC&q=ibn+sahl+persian+mathematician%2FThe&pg=PA89 Enterprise of Science in Islam: New Perspectives] - J. P. Hogendijk, A. I. Sabra "The first clear evidence we have of a correct understanding of Ptolemy's theory of refraction does not appear in the Arabic sources available to us until the second half of the tenth century, when the Persian mathematician al-Ala ibn Sahl was able to put Ptolemy's ideas to use in formulating entirely original geometrical arguments for the construction of burning instruments by means of refraction"</ref><ref>http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/optics,"There are a number of optical texts by authors with a Persian ethnicity or association. The earliest is Abu Saʿd al-ʿAlāʾ Ebn Sahl at the Persian Buyid court (945–1055), better known for his early conception of the “sine law of refraction” and burning mirrors (Rashed, 1990, pp. 464-68; 1993; 2005) than his work on optics proper (Sabra, 1989, pp. lix-lx; 1994)."</ref><ref>https://ijhpm.org/index.php/IJHPM/article/download/111/62,"Exploiting{{مۄردٕ جوڈ|date=January 2023}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116142854/https://ijhpm.org/index.php/IJHPM/article/download/111/62 |date=2019-11-16 }} the 10th-century Persian
+'''ابن سہل''' (مکمل نام: Abū Sa 'd al-ʻAlâʼ ibn Sahal ʻAbou ād al-Âalāʼ bne Şahl Şahal Ş۔ ۹۴۰-۱۰۰۰ ′ اوس اَکھ فارسی ریٲضی دان تہٕ اِسلٲمی سنہری دورُک طبیعیات دان یم سُنٛد تعلق [[بَغداد|بغداد]] کہ [[بویِد|بوید]] دربارس سٕتؠ اوس۔<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_AUtLNtg3nsC&q=ibn+sahl+persian+mathematician%2FThe&pg=PA89 Enterprise of Science in Islam: New Perspectives] - J۔ P۔ Hogendijk, A۔ I۔ Sabra "The first clear evidence we have of a correct understanding of Ptolemy's theory of refraction does not appear in the Arabic sources available to us until the second half of the tenth century, when the Persian mathematician al-Ala ibn Sahl was able to put Ptolemy's ideas to use in formulating entirely original geometrical arguments for the construction of burning instruments by means of refraction"</ref><ref>http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/optics,"There are a number of optical texts by authors with a Persian ethnicity or association۔ The earliest is Abu Saʿd al-ʿAlāʾ Ebn Sahl at the Persian Buyid court (945–1055), better known for his early conception of the “sine law of refraction” and burning mirrors (Rashed, 1990, pp۔ 464-68; 1993; 2005) than his work on optics proper (Sabra, 1989, pp۔ lix-lx; 1994)."</ref><ref>https://ijhpm.org/index.php/IJHPM/article/download/111/62,"Exploiting{{مۄردٕ جوڈ|date=January 2023}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116142854/https://ijhpm.org/index.php/IJHPM/article/download/111/62 |date=2019-11-16 }} the 10th-century Persian
 mathematician Ibn Sahl’s development on Ptolemy’s studies
 of refraction,48 he generalized the relationship between incident
-and refracted rays in a form that presaged Snell’s law."</ref><ref>https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1867-light-ideas-and-technology-timeline,"Persian scientist Ibn Sahl writes On burning mirrors and lenses, which sets out his understanding of how curved mirrors and lenses bend and focus light. He discovers a law of refraction mathematically equivalent to Snell’s law (1615)."</ref><ref>{{کِتاب حَوالہٕ|last=Hogendijk|first=edited by Jan P.|title=The enterprise of science in Islam : new perspectives|last2=Sabra|first2=Abdelhamid I.|date=2003|publisher=MIT|isbn=0-262-19482-1|location=Cambridge, Mass.; London|page=89}}</ref>  أمۍ سٕنٛد ناوس پیٚٹھ چھُنہٕ کینٛہہ تہِ خاص بس چُھ أمۍ سٕنٛدۍ ملکٕچ جھلک ہاونک اجازت دوان۔<ref>"Nothing in his surname and given names, however, allows us to glimpse either his country of origin or his social and religious allegiance &#x2014; unless a link may be established with [[Al-Hasan ibn Sahl|another Ibn Sahl]] of the same period, who was an astrologer concerned with mathematics; for the time being, however, this connection has no historical value." Roshdi Rashed, '' Geometry and Dioptrics in Classical Islam'', London (2005), p. 3.</ref>
+and refracted rays in a form that presaged Snell’s law."</ref><ref>https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1867-light-ideas-and-technology-timeline,"Persian scientist Ibn Sahl writes On burning mirrors and lenses, which sets out his understanding of how curved mirrors and lenses bend and focus light۔ He discovers a law of refraction mathematically equivalent to Snell’s law (1615)."</ref><ref>{{کِتاب حَوالہٕ|last=Hogendijk|first=edited by Jan P.|title=The enterprise of science in Islam : new perspectives|last2=Sabra|first2=Abdelhamid I.|date=2003|publisher=MIT|isbn=0-262-19482-1|location=Cambridge, Mass.; London|page=89}}</ref>  أمؠ سٕنٛد ناوس پیٚٹھ چھُنہٕ کینٛہہ تہِ خاص بس چھُ أمؠ سٕنٛدؠ ملکٕچ جھلک ہاونک اجازت دوان۔<ref>"Nothing in his surname and given names, however, allows us to glimpse either his country of origin or his social and religious allegiance &#x2014; unless a link may be established with [[Al-Hasan ibn Sahl|another Ibn Sahl]] of the same period, who was an astrologer concerned with mathematics; for the time being, however, this connection has no historical value." Roshdi Rashed, '' Geometry and Dioptrics in Classical Islam'', London (2005), p۔ 3.</ref>
 == بییہٚ وُچھو ==